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Economic Development

Current Issues Note 22: Patterns of low pay in London August 2008
In 2005 between 15 and 19 per cent of employees in London were low paid. Low pay more frequently affects less well qualified, young, and black and ethnic minority employees.

Current Issues Note 22 PDF
Current Issues Note 22 RTF
Working Paper 32
Building Bridges: Some lessons from the Middle Ages on the long-term economic impact of bridges over the Thames August 2008
Taking a historical perspective on the impact of new infrastructure can help inform policy and here we look at the first key period of major bridge building over the Thames. This longer and broader perspective helps give comfort that new bridges such as the proposed Thames Gateway Bridge will also be successful.

Working Paper 32 PDF
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London's environmental effectiveness - an update: Comparing London with other English regions July 2008
Not all phases of economic growth need be associated with high levels of environmental degradation. Thanks to agglomeration benefits, London uses fewer resources per unit of output than other English regions and has been able to develop an extensive and integrated public transport network.

London's environmental effectiveness 2008 PDF
London's environmental effectiveness 2008 RTF
Current Issues Note 21: Rising energy prices and their effects on environmental behaviour July 2008
Higher energy prices are likely to: reduce households energy consumption; increase demand for public transport relative to private car use; and encourage more energy efficient production methods.

Current Issues Note 21 PDF
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A Fairer London: The 2008 Living Wage in London July 2008
This fourth annual report from a programme of research by the Living Wage Unit takes a systematic approach to identify what is a living wage in London. The result is a London Living Wage of £7.45 per hour.

A Fairer London: The 2008 Living Wage in London PDF
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GLA Economics Annual Report 2008 June 2008
This report covers the work of GLA Economics from April 2007 to March 2008. We have produced analysis on a broad range of issues that have an impact on London including, amongst other things, a comprehensive study of adults skills, housing submarkets and crossrail.

GLA Economics Annual Report 2008 PDF
GLA Economics Annual Report 2008 RTF
Working Paper 31: Employment in London by firm size May 2008
This new analysis provides an important advance: it is the first time that both the enterprise and local unit data from the Inter Departmental Business Register (IDBR) have been combined within one methodology in order to compile a robust dataset of London employment by firm size.

Working Paper 31 PDF
Working Paper 31 RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2008: The GLA's medium-term planning projections May 2008

GLA Economics' twelfth London forecast suggests that: London’s Gross Value Added (GVA) growth rate should slow to 1.3 per cent in 2008, rising to 1.8 per cent in 2009 and 2.2 per cent by 2010.

London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2008 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2008 RTF
Credit crunch and the property market
May 2008

This report provides an assessment of the consequences of the credit crunch for the property market in London and the implications that has for policy.

Credit crunch and the property market PDF
Credit crunch and the property market RTF
Information London March 2008
Information London is an up-to-date summary of key facts and figures about London on subjects including population, transport, policing, the economy and housing.

Information London PDF
Information London RTF
The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy II March 2008
The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy II. This report examines the case for public sector intervention and provides case study examples relevant to London.

The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy II PDF
The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy II RTF
Working Paper 30: London's housing submarkets March 2008
London’s housing market is inherently complex and diverse. The analysis from this working paper identified four distinct housing subgroups in London (Central, High Density Housing, Outer City, and Spacious Suburbs), based on various attributes. Each housing subgroup had different characteristics, and stepwise regression modelling was used to identify the key drivers of house prices within the identified groups.

Working Paper 30 PDF
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Working Paper 29: Overcoming barriers to institutional investment in residential housing February 2008
Institutional investment has the potential to support large new developments and to deliver high quality, well-managed stock. Opportunities for increased investment exist through build-to-let schemes and through registered social landlords as this working paper explores.

Working Paper 29 PDF
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Current Issues Note 20: The housing market and the economic climate February 2008
This report looks at why 2008 could prove to be a tough time for the UK and London housing markets with growth in prices expected to be subdued. There are potential risks to first time buyers, new developments and the buy-to-let sector.

Current Issues Note 20 PDF
Current Issues Note 20 RTF
Responsible Procurement February 2008
In June 2006, the GLA Group adopted a new Sustainable Procurement Policy to support the delivery of the Mayor’s vision for London. In October 2007 the policy was renamed 'Responsible Procurement' as the Mayor wanted to communicate the importance of both social and environmental objectives in ensuring best value in procurement across the GLA Group.

Responsible Procurement
Working Paper 28: Comparing locations: Grouping wards in London, the South East and East of England January 2008
This report analyses the changes in area and employment characteristics of wards in London, the South East and East of England.

Working Paper 28 PDF
Working Paper 28 RTF
London's Central Business District: Its global importance January 2008
London's CBD including Canary Wharf is a premier global business district employing around 1.5 million people. Globalisation presents London's CBD with a range of economic opportunities.

London CBD Report PDF
London CBD Report RTF

Working Paper 27: Assessment of global imbalances?

Working Paper 27 PDF

Working Paper 27 RTF

Five Legacy Commitments January 2008
This document sets out the five commitments that the Mayor is making to Londoners and by which he thinks the ultimate success of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will be judged.

Five Legacy Commitments PDF
Five Legacy Commitments RTF
Modelling transport and the economy in London December 2007
This report builds on earlier work on the TANDEM (transport and economy model) developed for GLA Economics. Land Use and Transport Interaction models, and modelling more widely, are a useful tool for planners. The aim of this report is to understand how, and if, they address the key questions facing the role of the transport system in the London economy.

Modelling transport and the economy in London PDF
Modelling transport and the economy in London RTF
Asian Business Report: December 2007
Asian owned businesses make a significant contribution to London’s economy and this contribution is likely to increase in the future given the size of London’s Asian population and the growing financial ties with the Indian sub-continent.

Asian Business Report PDF
Asian Business Report RTF
Working Paper 26: What makes employees more likely to be low paid in London?
November 2007
Our results show that individual and job characteristics such as age, level of qualifications achieved, and level of occupation have important influences on the likelihood of being low paid in London. The most important influence increasing the chances of being low paid was working in elementary occupations, especially for female employees.

Working Paper 26 PDF
Working Paper 26 RTF
Working Paper 25: An expenditure-based approach to employment sectors in London November 2007
London has significantly more private sector jobs relative to its population than any other region of the UK due mainly to its specialisations in financial services, media and publishing and business services. London also has more jobs than other regions, relative to population, in sectors reliant on local consumer spending.

Working Paper 25 PDF
Working Paper 25 RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2007 - October 2007
The GLA's eleventh London forecast, suggests that London's Gross Value Added (GVA) should grow at 3.3 per cent in 2007, reducing to growth of 2.0 per cent in 2008 before increasing to 2.6 per cent in 2009.

London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2007 PDF (0.5Mb)
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2007 RTF (1.6Mb)
Social Enterprises in London October 2007
This paper aims to provide an analysis of social enterprises in London regarding the size and distribution of these businesses in terms of employment, their sectoral representation, the ethnicity of owners, turnover and barriers to growth.

Social Enterprises in London PDF
Social Enterprises in London RTF
Working Paper 24: An analysis of London’s employment by sector October 2007
Working Paper 24 describes London’s employment structure by analysing employment data on a sector-by-sector basis. By covering all sectors it allows each individual sector to be seen in the wider context of the whole London economy. A detailed breakdown of employment within each sector is also provided and areas of specialisation identified.

Working Paper 24 PDF
Working Paper 24 RTF
Current Issues Note 19: The role of financial services sector in mitigating and adapting to climate change
This paper examines how London’s financial services sector is helping society mitigate and adapt to climate change. Amongst other things this involves the financing of new environmental technologies; carbon trading; and creating markets, insurance products and other innovative services.

Current Issues Note 19 PDF
Current issues Note 19 RTF
Working Paper 23: The implications of misleading estimates of London’s output August 2007
This working paper reviews estimates of output in the UK and the extent to which they may be misleading. It is revealed that for 2004, Greater London’s output was under estimated by £13-22 billion or around eight to ten per cent. This has a significant impact on infrastructure decisions.

Working Paper 23 PDF
Working Paper 23 RTF
Your 2012 July 2007
'Your 2012' clearly sets out the legacy opportunities and ongoing benefits that hosting the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in London in 2012 will bring to our city and the people living and working in it. There are many ways for Londoners to get behind the Games. The publication highlights initiatives that are already underway and making real, lasting improvements. But it also suggests ways that individuals and businesses can become involved. Only by working together will we truly be able to make the most of the opportunities that hosting the Games in 2012 offers us.

Your 2012 PDF
Your 2012 RTF
Working Paper 22: London's Creative Sector: 2007 Update July 2007
London is known around the globe for its world class cultural offer and this report shows that London’s creative industries remain at the forefront of this global status. London offers special advantages for creative activity and employment, compared with other parts of the country. Most significantly, after three years of shedding jobs, in 2005 creative industry employment recovered sharply in London, creating 18,000 jobs in the capital between 2004 and 2005. All but one creative sector added jobs over this period.

Working Paper 22 PDF
Working Paper 22 RTF
GLA Economics Annual Report 2007 July 2007
This report covers the work of GLA Economics from April 2006 to March 2007. Established in May 2002, GLA Economics has had a busy fifth year. As well as our regular flagship publications, London's Economy Today and London's Economic Outlook providing analyses of the London economy, we have produced an array of detailed reports on a broad range of issues that have an impact on London and presented our research at a number of events.

GLA Economics Annual Report 2007 PDF
GLA Economics Annual Report 2007 RTF
More residents, more jobs? July 2007
This report is an evaluation by the Centre of Advanced Spatial Analysis, UCL, of the report More residents, more jobs? The relationship between population, employment and accessibility in London by GLA Economics, which outlines a methodology for determining the number of additional jobs that might be gained in different London boroughs with respect to additional growth in population.

More residents, more jobs? PDF
More residents, more jobs? RTF
Current Issues Note 18: Institutional investment in housing July 2007
This paper discusses how large-scale investment could potentially speed up delivery, increase the supply of affordable housing and improve the management of housing stock in the private rented and intermediate sectors.

Current Issues Note 18 PDF
Current Issues Note 18 RTF
Current Issues Note 17: Defining and measuring metropolitan regions June 2007
This paper sets out the results of defining London's functional urban region using a definition developed by the GEMECA colloborative project amongst European cities, including some sensitivity analysis.

Current Issues Note 17 PDF
Current Issues Note 17 RTF
GLA Economics' London Employment Projections. Panel Note for the Examination in Public into the Draft Alterations to the London Plan June 2007
This briefing note was produced for the examination in public into the draft alterations to the London Plan taking place in June / July 2007. It compares the projections produced by GLA Economics, which are incorporated in the draft alterations to the London Plan, for London as a whole and for Inner and Outer London with those produced by outside independent forecasters.

GLA Economics' London Employment Projections. Panel Note for the Examination in Public into the Draft Alterations to the London Plan PDF
GLA Economics' London Employment Projections. Panel Note for the Examination in Public into the Draft Alterations to the London Plan RTF
Current Issues Note 16: Labour Market Balance Sheets June 2007
This current issues note uses two related approaches to produce two labour market balance sheets laying out the implications of the latest GLA population and employment projections for London for unemployment in London, and commuting into and out of London for work.

Current Issues Note 16 PDF
Current Issues Note 16 RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2007 - April 2007
The GLA's tenth London forecast, suggests that: London's Gross Value Added (GVA) should grow at 2.6 per cent in 2007, rising to 2.8 per cent in 2008 and 3.0 per cent in 2009; and London is likely to see above trend growth in employment throughout the period 2007 to 2009.

London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2007 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2007 RTF
Working Paper 21: The GLA’s interim metro area dataset April 2007
This new GLA economics report on the economic performance of 35 European cities should be the GLA group standard for benchmarking and evaluation. It is one of the most complete datasets available, covering population, employment, output and productivity from 1980-2005. London’s GVA growth comes sixth in Europe after Dublin, Helsinki, Oslo, Stockholm, and Madrid.

Working Paper 21 PDF
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A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London April 2007
This is the third annual report from a programme of research by the Living Wage Unit into issues related to the Living Wage and poverty in London. It presents an update of the London Living Wage for 2007 and looks at what threshold might be considered as constituting poverty level wages in the capital. It reviews the most recent steps being taken to implement the London Living Wage since the last report in the GLA group.

A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London PDF
A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London RTF
Transport and Economy Model March 2007
Employment growth is dependent on an appropriate transport structure and there is a dynamic link between economic growth and transport. A Transport and Economy Model (TANDEM) has been developed to examine the relationship between transport change and the economy over the long term. It is a simple model with transparent inputs and assumptions. This work was commissioned by GLA Economics and completed by Colin Buchanan and Partners Ltd.

Transport and Economy Model PDF
Transport and Economy Model RTF
Investigating the Potential Impact of Transport Changes on the London Economy PDF
Investigating the Potential Impact of Transport Changes on the London Economy RTF
Current Issues Note 15: The economics of climate change March 2007
The Stern Report, published at the end of 2006, whilst widely welcomed, is now facing criticisms both from some members of the climate science academic community and from some economists. This note concentrates on the economic criticisms.

Current Issues Note 15 PDF
Current Issues Note 15 RTF
Current Issues Note 13: Updated borough-level employment projections to 2026 February 2007
This note presents a set of updated borough-level employment projections for 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. These numbers should be used for planning and policy purposes within the Greater London Authority (GLA) group. Bodies outside of the GLA group needing employment projections of this sort are free to use these figures.

Current Issues Note 13 PDF
Current Issues Note 13 RTF
Working Paper 20: Employment Projections for London By Sector and Borough February 2007
This working paper provides employment projections for London as a whole and for 12 key London sectors. It updates the equivalent projections made in Working Paper 14 (2005). It also includes trend-based projections for London’s boroughs. These trend-based projections feed into the production of GLA Economics’ unified or triangulated borough employment projections but they are not in themselves an update of these triangulated projections.

Working Paper 20 PDF
Working Paper 20 RTF
Working Paper 19: Innovation in London February 2007
This paper highlights an apparent paradox between London's high rate of productivity, when compared with the rest of UK, and its relatively poor performance on some government measures of innovation. The report suggests that the nature of London’s economy, and its industrial structure, is likely to be an explanatory factor in the relatively poor performance on some innovation indicators, particularly expenditure on R&D. It suggests that in order to more effectively measure the level of innovation in London, survey-based approaches, like the Community Innovation Survey, should be used.

Working Paper 19 PDF
Working Paper 19 RTF
Women in London's Economy February 2007
The report begins to look at the demand side of London’s economy, considering gender differences in expenditure – women as consumers.

Women in London's Economy
Current Issues Note 12: Why are there so few part-time jobs in London? February 2007
The industrial structure of London has very little impact on the share of part-time work. The structures of Inner and Outer London and the surrounding area do not seem to substantially affect their respective part-time employment levels. Differences in occupational structure and size band structure seem not to be the main causes of London’s low share of part-time work.

Current Issues Note 12 PDF
Current Issues Note 12 RTF
Current Issues Note 11: Historical revisions to the GLA workforce employment series December 2006
GLA Economics publishes, each year, a dataset of workforce employment in London. This Current Issues Note explains the revisions that the GLA has made to its own data series and the reasons they were made.

Current Issues Note 11 PDF
Current Issues Note 11 RTF
Invest in London: Invest in Britain December 2006
This report outlines the Mayor's case for increased investment in London ahead of the Government's 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review. The report explains why increased investment in the capital is important for the rest of the UK and highlights London's key investment priorities.

Invest in London: Invest in Britain PDF
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Report of the West End Central Retail Area Planning and Development Commission November 2006
This Commission, chaired by Ian Henderson, was convened at the request of the Mayor to develop policy options for the West End to inform the revision of the London Plan and other mayoral strategies.

Report of the West End Central Retail Area Planning and Development Commission
Heathrow Economics Study November 2006
GLA Economics commissioned Colin Buchanan and Partners to provide an independent desk-based review of the assumptions and conclusions of the Department for Transport White Paper on the Future of Air Transport in the United Kingdom (published in December 2003). Colin Buchanan and Partners were also asked to review the wider economic benefits of various options for airport expansion in the South East. This work was commissioned as an input into the consideration of the issues surrounding the expansion of Heathrow.

Heathrow Economics Study PDF
Heathrow Economics Study RTF
Current Issues Note 10: Investing for Britain - Modernising the Sustainable Investment Rule November 2006
This paper sets out the case for modernising one of the Government’s fiscal policy rules – the sustainable investment rule. The framework of these rules has improved the management of the public finances. However, rigid adherence to the current precise formulation of the sustainable investment rule could prevent or delay the investment needed to address long-term policy challenges, which the Government has itself identified.

Investing for Britain - Modernising the Sustainable Investment Rule PDF
Investing for Britain - Modernising the Sustainable Investment Rule RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2006 - October 2006
The GLA's medium-term planning projections for London suggests that London’s Gross Value Added (GVA) should grow at 3.1 per cent in 2006 and at 3.0 per cent in 2007 and 2008. London is likely to see above trend growth in employment throughout the period 2006 to 2008. London household spending will probably grow more slowly than GVA throughout the forecast period. Household spending is also forecast to grow more slowly than household income in 2007 and 2008.

London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2006 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2006 RTF
Retail in London - October 2006
This publication includes analysis of: London's retail offer – investigating the West End, town centres and out-of-centre retail to get an impression of the retail landscape across London; changing trends in retail; and the future of retail in London.

Retail in London PDF
Retail in London RTF
Working Paper 18: Borough employment projections to 2026 - October 2006
This Working Paper and associated Technical Papers outline how the Greater London Authority borough level employment projections are generated. The projections run to 2026.

Working Paper 18: Borough employment projections to 2026
What works with tackling worklessness? - September 2006
London has a higher proportion of its working age population who are not in paid work than any other region of the country. 'What works with tackling worklessness?' is a comprehensive and timely review of evidence to help tackle this problem. The report looks at the effectiveness of policies to help workless people get and keep paid employment. The report finds that help in presentation and job search, sometimes referred to as ‘work first’ initiatives, are the most effective and cost-effective interventions for people who have some recent work experience or some skills or qualifications. People with severe or multiple barriers to work may need combinations of more intensive support which are expensive and take longer for the benefits to emerge.

What works with tackling worklessness? PDF
What works with tackling worklessness? RTF
GLA Economics Annual Report 2006 - July 2006
This report covers the work of GLA Economics from April 2005 to March 2006. It highlights the achievements of the team including a range of reports, an international conference alongside several seminars. This has been yet another busy year with GLA Economics contributing to a variety of the GLA Group's streams of activities from environmental effectiveness through to the living wage.

GLA Economics Annual Report PDF
GLA Economics Annual Report RTF
Factors Affecting the Structure and Pattern of Retail in London - June 2006
This report on retailing in London was commissioned by Transport for London. It aims to explore the past and future implications of structural change in London's retail sector. The need for specific research on this topic arose from an interest in longer term trends affecting the geography of shopping behaviour and shopper movement in the capital. The report is based on core conceptual research, supported by a new analysis of shopping trip data, together with the evidence and opinions sought from practitioners and other experts.

Structure and Pattern of Retail PDF
Structure and Pattern of Retail RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper J - The impact of planning on competition and productivity - June 2006
This working paper focuses on retail competition and productivity in London and how the planning system impacts upon both. It aims to understand what aspects of the planning system constrain retail competition – and discusses ways of improving the planning system to increase competition in the retail sector while recognising the need to pay due regard to wider social and environmental issues.

Retail in London: Working Paper J PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper J RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper I - Service and delivery Issues - June 2006
This working paper looks at delivery and service trips to London’s retailers, focusing on the key issues of parking, delivery curfews and congestion. It aims to provide some understanding of these issues and to identify potential ways to improve the process and efficiency.

Retail in London: Working Paper I PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper I RTF
Working Paper 17: Why distance doesn’t die: Agglomeration and its benefits - June 2006
This working paper explores the role of spatial concentration in generating economic benefits and making possible the range of activities that London exhibits. It begins by defining what agglomeration means and moves on to explore the mechanisms of how agglomeration happens and the persistence of agglomeration over time.

Working Paper 17 PDF
Working Paper 17 RTF
A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London - May 2006
This report publishes this year's Living Wage for London at £7.05 an hour. This figure reflects the needs of Londoners to ensure they are paid enough to ensure a decent standard of living.

The Living Wage in London PDF
The Living Wage in London RTF
Current Issues Note 9: Borough employment projections to 2026 - May 2006
This current issues note presents a set of borough level employment projections for 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021 and 2026. These numbers have been calculated using a new methodology called triangulation, which combines projections produced on three bases: trend projections, projections in line with expected changes in transport accessibility, and projections in line with expected availability of business sites. This note briefly explains the new methodology.

Current Issues Note 9 PDF
Current Issues Note 9 RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2006 - April 2006
The GLA's medium-term planning projections for London suggests that GVA will grow at 2.7 per cent in 2006 and will also have a growth rate around that level in both 2007 and 2008. Employment growth is expected to be 0.8 per cent in 2006 and 2007 before picking up in 2008. London household income is expected to grow slower than GVA and household spending throughout 2006 to 2008.

London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2006 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2006 RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper H - London’s Retail Trends - 1971-2000 - April 2006
Presenting data comparing 1971 and 2000, this report provides a snapshot of the current structure of the retail sector in London. Exploring grocery, comparison and service retail employment, it comments both on the structure of the retail sector in 2000 and on how it changed over the three previous decades.

Retail in London: Working Paper H PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper H RTF
The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy - March 2006
The report sets out the general theory underlying why and when the public sector should intervene and gives examples relevant to the Greater London Authority and the London Development Agency.

The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy PDF
The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper G - Small Retailers - March 2006
As the market share of large retailers in London has grown considerably over the last 20 years, small retailers continue to face obstacles such as operating costs and accessibility issues. But despite these hurdles, small retailers have certain characteristics that can help them compete effectively with large retailers.

Retail in London: Working Paper G PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper G RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper F – International Comparisons of Retail – March 2006
This report looks at retail in London and directly compares it to other international centres such as Paris and New York. London’s retail offer is explored, who the competitors are is considered and policy implications are highlighted.

Retail in London: Working Paper F PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper F RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper E - Retail and the Labour Market – March 2006
London’s retail labour market accounts for around nine per cent of the capital’s total employment. It’s a key London sector that is viewed by some as a ‘gateway’ into work. This papers explores the retail labour market in London and looks at the problems it faces including attracting skilled workers and reducing employment turnover.

Retail in London: Working Paper E PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper E RTF
Business and economic impacts of the congestion charge - February 2006
This independent report by Ernst & Young reviews Transport for London’s assessment of the business and economic impacts of the congestion charge.

Business and economic impacts of the congestion charge PDF
Business and economic impacts of the congestion charge RTF
Laying the foundations: London's construction industry - February 2006
Representing around five per cent of London’s economy and employing 200,000 people, construction is an important sector for the capital. This report develops a deeper understanding of a sector that is traditionally hard to measure and looks at whether the construction sector can meet the demands being put on it in the coming years.

Laying the foundations PDF
Laying the foundations RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper D - Retail and Leisure - February 2006
This working paper explores the link between retail and leisure and considers the importance of this relationship. It identifies three main types of leisure associated with retail (ambient, magnet and heritage-destination) and looks at them in a London context.

Retail in London: Working Paper D PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper D RTF
Women in London’s Economy – January 2006
This report explores where future employment opportunities for women in London lie and outlines trends in part-time employment in the capital. The report presents both quantitative and qualitative research and considers policy and legislative opportunities. The report is available as a full report and as a summary document.

Women in London’s Economy
Current Issues Note 8: Comparison of London’s employment forecasts by gender – January 2006
This current issues note compares employment projections for London by gender and occupation and by gender and sector. The projections compared are supplied by the Greater London Authority (GLA), Cambridge Econometrics, Experian Business Strategies and Oxford Economics Forecasting.

Current Issues Note 8 PDF
Current Issues Note 8 RTF
Working Paper 16: Women at Work… Looking Ahead - London employment projections by gender and sector – January 2006
This working paper shows a breakdown of employment forecasts for London by gender. This information is provided as part of a wider GLA programme of research about women in London’s economy.

Working Paper 16 PDF
Working Paper 16 RTF
Working Paper 15: Worklessness in London – Explaining the differences between worklessness in London and the UK – January 2006
In the winter of 2004/05, 31 per cent of the working age population in London was not in employment. This compares with 25 per cent in the country as a whole. This report examines the issue of worklessness in London to see why it’s higher in the capital than the UK as a whole.

Working Paper 15 PDF
Working Paper 15 RTF
Working Paper 14: Working Future – Employment projections for London by sector – December 2005
This working paper provides employment projections for London as a whole and for twelve key London sectors. It updates projections made in Working Paper 11 (2004). Projections are provided up until the year 2027.

Working Paper 14 PDF
Working Paper 14 RTF
Current Issues Note 7: London’s living wage for young people - November 2005
This current issues note proposes a living wage for young people using a methodology consistent with that used to calculate the general London Living Wage. GLA Economics' calculations suggest a youth living wage in London of £5.60 per hour.

Current Issues Note 7 PDF
Current Issues Note 7 RTF
Our London. Our Future: Planning for London’s Growth II - November 2005
This report explores the changing world economy and examines the relationship between London and the UK. London’s economic geography is mapped and the bottlenecks that prevent a high value London for all are considered. It forms part of the evidence base for the Mayor’s London Plan and builds on the publication Planning for London’s Growth (2002).

Our London. Our Future: Planning for London’s Growth II
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2005 - October 2005
GLA’s medium-term forecast for London predicts that GVA will grow at two per cent in 2005, rising to 2.6 per cent in 2007. Steady employment growth will continue to 2007, although it will be below trend. London household spending will continue to grow slower than GVA and household income.

London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2005 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2005 RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper C - Grocery Retailing - October 2005
This working paper examines issues relevant to the grocery retail sector in London. Expenditure by London residents, market definition, market share, pricing, costs and competition are all explored and key policy implications are highlighted.

Retail in London: Working Paper C PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper C RTF
GLA Economics Annual Report - August 2005
GLA Economics third year of operation has seen an almost continuous stream of reports being produced, alongside seminars and workshops as well as the unit contributing to a variety of the GLA group’s streams of activity across the spectrum.

GLA Economics Annual Report PDF
GLA Economics Annual Report RTF
Retail in London: Working Paper B - Retail and Regeneration - August 2005
The second of GLA Economics’ retail working papers illustrates that there are business opportunities for retailers from investing in deprived, underserved markets. Furthermore, this investment can help regeneration by providing wider economic and social benefits to disadvantaged communities.

Retail in London: Working Paper B PDF
Retail in London: Working Paper B RTF
Current Issues Note 6: Comments on CEBR’s report on the western extension of the congestion charge - August 2005
This current issues note responds to the Centre for Economic and Business Research’s report, 'Will tackling congestion empty west London’s tills?', about the western extension of the congestion charge. This note outlines the key weaknesses of CEBR’s report noting that the report offers little useful analysis or evidence to inform policy.

Current Issues Note 6 PDF
Current Issues Note 6 RTF
Current Issue Note 5: Has London continued to export taxes in 2003/04? - August 2005
Previously, GLA Economics has estimated public expenditure and tax receipts in London since the late 1980s. Following new HM Treasury data for 2003/04, this note updates GLA Economics’ estimates of London’s public expenditure and taxes in 2003/04. When rounded to the nearest whole billion, London’ tax export in 2003/04 is estimated to be £1 billion - £7 billion.

Current Issue Note 5 PDF
Current Issue Note 5 RTF
Working Paper 13: Towards a common standard - Comparing European and American cities - July 2005
This working paper assesses whether it is possible to construct standardised geographical definitions of cities that will allow American and European cities to be compared in a consistent manner. It focuses on the US system of Core Based Statistical Areas (or Metro Areas), Eurostat’s Urban Audit programme and the Greater London Authority ‘pragmatic-functional’ approach.

Towards a common standard - Comparing European and American cities PDF
Towards a common standard - Comparing European and American cities RTF
The Environmental Effectiveness of London: Comparing London with other English regions - June 2005
Londoners generate less waste per household and produce less carbon dioxide emissions per person than other regions in England. This report examines London's environmental performance and finds that despite many assuming otherwise, London is one of England’s most environmentally effective regions.

The Environmental Effectiveness of London PDF
The Environmental Effectiveness of London RTF
From the Ganges to the Thames: An analysis of Indian FDI into London - June 2005
India has become increasingly open to international trade and international investment, and the UK and India have become important trading and investment partners. UK companies have a long history of foreign direct investment (FDI) into India. Now as India’s economy grows, Indian companies are increasingly investing in the UK.

From the Ganges to the Thames PDF
From the Ganges to the Thames RTF
The contribution of Asian-owned businesses to London's economy
June 2005
Launched by the Mayor with the Asian Business Association, this report by GLA Economics assesses the vital contribution Asian businesses make to the London economy. It highlights the level of entrepreneurialism within the community, with people from Indian, Pakistani and Chinese backgrounds more likely to be self-employed than the average for the population as a whole. Using data from the 2004 London Annual Business survey, the report also examines the challenges facing Asian businesses in London today.

The contribution of Asian-owned businesses to London's economy PDF
The contribution of Asian-owned businesses to London's economy RTF
Current Issues Note 4: Interim borough level employment projections to 2016 - May 2005
This current issues note presents a set of interim borough level employment projections for 2006, 2011 and 2016. These projections should be used for planning and policy purposes within the GLA group until the new integrated borough level employment projections are released.

Current Issue Note 4 PDF
Current Issue Note 4 RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2005 - April 2005
This report predicts that GVA growth will slow to 2.6 per cent in 2005 and remain around trend in 2006 and 2007. Employment growth is expected to continue in 2005 and pick up in 2006 and 2007. After slowing in 2005 London household spending growth is expected to quicken in the following two years.

London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2005 PDF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2005 RTF
Working Paper 12: The impact of the congestion charge on London’s retail sector - May 2005
The impact of the congestion charge on the retail sector has been heatedly debated recently. This report (a joint study with academics from Imperial College London) presents the findings of the most thorough econometric investigation of this issue yet.

The congestion charge’s impact on retail - The London experience PDF
The congestion charge’s impact on retail - The London experience RTF
Retail in London Working Paper A: Retail in the West End - March 2005
The West End is the United Kingdom’s largest retail area. Despite having several advantages over other retail centres, the West End faces several specific problems related to transport and not having a centralised, co-ordinating, ‘management’ body that can make improvements on behalf of local retailers.

Retail in London Working Paper A: Retail in the West End PDF
Retail in London Working Paper A: Retail in the West End RTF
A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London - March 2005
This report considers the issue of a living wage in London. It also looks at what threshold might be considered as constituting ‘poverty level’ wages in London.

A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London PDF
A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London RTF
Time is money: The economic effects of transport delays in Central London - February 2005
This report by Oxford Economic Forecasting examines the cost to London of inefficiencies in the transport system. The publication calculates that the economic costs associated with transport delays in Central London could be around £1,750 million a year.

Time is money PDF
Time is money RTF
Ready for Business: The contribution of black businesses to London's economy - February 2005
This report demonstrates that black businesses play an integral and growing role in London’s business community. They have a total turnover of almost £4.5 billion and provide around 70,000 jobs.

Ready for Business: The contribution of black businesses to London's economy PDF
Ready for Business: The contribution of black businesses to London's economy RTF
Growing Together: London and the UK Economy - February 2005
This report disproves the two often expressed views that London grows at the expense of the rest of the UK economy or that the rest of the UK is somehow entirely dependent on London’s success. What is true is that the UK will not prosper without a prosperous London and London will not prosper if the rest of the country’s economic performance is not strong.

Growing Together PDF
Growing Together RTF

Sustaining Success: the Mayor's Economic Development Strategy - January 2005
The current Economic Development Strategy, entitled Sustaining Success, takes account of economic and social changes in the city since 2001, when the Mayor's first Economic Development Strategy was published. It supports the development of London's economy, promotes employment, helps people participate in London's economy and supports businesses to be more competitive - all within the context of economic development being fair and sustainable.

Sustaining Success
More residents, more jobs? The relationship between population, employment and accessibility in London – January 2005
This report examines the relationship between population, employment and accessibility in London. It concludes by noting that in areas of low accessibility, an increase to the resident population of 1000 people will have an increase of 230 jobs in the local area.

More residents, more jobs? PDF
More residents, more jobs? RTF

Women in London’s Economy – January 2005
Women in London are less likely to be in employment than men in London or women elsewhere in the UK. The Women in London's Economy project describes the current position of women in London’s labour market and analyses the type of work that women do, the gender pay gap and women-owned businesses. In total, there are three publications associated with the project: the main report, the summary report; and a discussion of the methodology used in the report.

Women in London’s Economy Reports

Enter the Dragon: An analysis of Chinese FDI into London - December 2004
Compared to other European cities, London receives a high share of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the world’s Chinese economies. This report identifies and examines the trends in Chinese FDI and compares the amount of Chinese FDI that is received by London, the rest of the UK and Europe. Benefits of FDI are noted as being increases in employment, output and efficiency.

Enter the Dragon PDF
Enter the Dragon RTF

Working Paper 11: Working London - November 2004
This working paper provides employment projections for London as a whole and for twelve key London sectors. London’s total employment growth is projected to be 194,000 between 2002 and 2007. The best performing sectors are ‘other sectors’, ‘hotels, bars and restaurants’ and ‘business services’. The worst performing London sectors are ‘manufacturing’ and ‘construction’.
Working Paper 11: Working London PDF
Working Paper 11: Working London RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Autumn 2004 October 2004
The GLA’s fifth London forecast predicts that London will see above-trend employment growth in 2004 and 2005, but this growth rate is expected to return to trend in 2006. Gross Value Added growth will remain above trend to 2006 with 2004 expected to be the strongest year. Household spending will peak in 2004 but is expected to remain below Gross Value Added growth in 2005 and 2006.

London's Economic Outlook Oct 2004 PDF
London's Economic Outlook Oct 2004 RTF
Working Paper 10: Productivity indicators submission September 2004
Her Majesty’s Treasury and the Department of Trade and Industry launched a consultation exercise regarding their proposal to develop a focussed set of productivity indicators for the UK. GLA Economics submitted a formal response during the consultation period. GLA Economics said that they had reservations about the proposal as it was difficult to summarise performance using just a simple set of indicators. Rather, GLA Economics argued that it was better to come to a judgement based on all relevant evidence.

Productivity indicators submission PDF
Productivity indicators submission RTF
GLA Economics Annual Report August 2004
This report covers the work of GLA Economics from April 2003 to March 2004. The Annual Report outlines the unit’s many achievements over what has been a very busy year. It also provides a unique insight into the state of London’s economy.
GLA Economics Annual Report 2004 PDF
GLA Economics Annual Report 2004 RTF
Current Issues Note 3: Financial services and climate change July 2004
This note examines some of the latest developments in the financial community and environmental policy that encourage business to be more sustainable in their activities. The note looks at the financial services sector’s unique position in promoting new environmental business in London.
Current Issues Note 3 PDF
Current Issues Note 3 RTF
World City, World Knowledge: The economic contribution of London’s higher education sector April 2004
There are over 340,000 students in London, studying at 41 higher education institutions. The latest GLA Economics report examines how higher education contributes to the London and UK economies. It also estimates the value of investment in higher education in terms of the human capital it generates.

World City, World Knowledge PDF
World City, World Knowledge RTF
Current Issues Note 2: Guidance on Preparing an Economic Impact Report July 2004
To assist organisations prepare an economic impact report for a transport scheme when seeking funding from the Department for Transport, a document, Guidance on Preparing an Economic Impact Report, was produced. This Current Issue Note critically examines the guidance document and notes that it has several shortcomings.

Current Issues Note 2 PDF
Current Issues Note 2 RTF
Working Paper 9: Measuring and Comparing World Cities May 2004
This paper studies the economic performance of a shortlist of 27 cities, as estimated by seven sources. It finds that estimates of even the most basic indicators, such as the level of and growth in productivity, diverge so much that no estimate can be relied on. This situation has led GLA Economics to produce a benchmark dataset that specifies output, employment and productivity for 27 cities.

Measuring and Comparing World Cities PDF
Measuring and Comparing World Cities RTF
Lone Parents in London April 2004
Lone parents in London are less likely to be in paid work than those living in other parts of Britain. In in order to help understand why, GLA Economics and the Department for Work and Pensions jointly commissioned a quantitative analysis of the differences in paid work.

Lone Parents in London PDF
Lone Parents in London RTF
London's Economic Outlook: Spring 2004 April 2004
The latest forecast for London's economy predicts that growth will continue at around 3 per cent through to 2006. London’s jobs reached 4,570,000 – the highest since the GLA’s dataset began in 1971. This strong jobs growth is expected to continue into 2004 and then moderate. Finance and Business Services will be the strongest performing sector, in terms of jobs and economic growth.

London's Economic Outlook Apr 2004 PDF
London's Economic Outlook Apr 2004 RTF
London's Creative Sector: 2004 Update April 2004
This report updates and extends Creativity: London’s Core Business, published in October 2002. It confirms that London is the UK’s creative capital. London’s creative sector is growing faster than any major industry except Financial and Business Services, and it accounted for between a fifth and a quarter of job growth in London between 1995 and 2001.

London's Creative Sector: 2004 PDF
London's Creative Sector: 2004 RTF
Working Paper 8: Submission to the Treasury Select Committee Inquiry into Regional Productivity April 2004
This working paper considers the Government’s Public Service Agreement target relating to regional policy. It includes the GLA Economics submission to a Treasury Select Committee that is exploring this issue.

Submission to the Treasury Select Committee Inquiry into Regional Productivity PDF
Submission to the Treasury Select Committee Inquiry into Regional Productivity RTF
The GLA's Economy-Environment Model - April 2004
GLA Economics commissioned Enviros Consulting Ltd to develop a model that would assess and quantify the impact of London’s economic growth on the environment. The model projects the impact of population, tourism and economic growth on a range of environmental indicators such as air pollution, waste and greenhouse gases.

The GLA's Economy-Environment Model PDF
The GLA's Economy-Environment Model RTF
London's Housing Submarkets April 2004
London's housing market has been grouped into five submarkets - Central, Crowded House, Pleasant Crescent, Suburban London and Leafy Retreat. This new report expands on the work in Valuing Greenness and analyses the submarkets in terms of factors that affect demand and supply of housing, such as property and tenure type, demographic and social conditions, location, environment and proximity to public transport.

London's Housing Submarkets PDF
London's Housing Submarkets RTF
The Case for London March 2004
The Case for London aims to secure more government funding for London. It argues for substantial new investment in the capital’s assets and people so that it remains a world-class city and a powerful driver of the UK economy. In addition to the full report and a summary, technical reports providing evidence supporting the Case for London are available.

The Case for London
Technical report of the GLA Economy-Environment Model March 2004
GLA Economics commissioned Enviros Consulting Ltd. to develop a model to assess and quantify the impact of London's growth on the environment. The model projects the impact of population, tourism and economic growth on six environmental media. The results cover historic performance from 1990 and projections until 2016. The model is a first, initial step towards identifying and better understanding the linkages between the economy and the environment in London. This report by Enviros documents the model that they developed.

Technical report of the GLA Economy-Environment Model PDF
London’s Economic Outlook: The GLA’s medium-term planning projections December 2003
The GLA’s third forecast predicts that London’s economy is on course for recovery. Jobs have grown faster than expected and are set to reach a 30-year high – 4.56 million - by the end of the year. Consumer spending, which propelled the UK and London economies through the recent downturn, is expected to slow in 2004, but capital spending should take up some of the slack. The forecast includes an assessment of the world and UK economic outlook and a look at the possible outcomes of the Central Government’s Spending Review 2004

London’s Economic Outlook Dec 2003 PDF
London’s Economic Outlook Dec 2003 RTF
Spending Time: London’s Leisure Economy November 2003
A new report from GLA Economics on how the way we choose to spend our spare time drives London's economy. The report explores the importance of leisure to the economy and looks specifically at eating out, drinking, entertaining, gambling sport and visiting attractions. Londoners spend about £150 a month on leisure, and the sector is worth £9.5 billion.

Spending Time: London’s Leisure Economy PDF
Spending Time: London’s Leisure Economy RTF
Working Paper 7: Defining and Analysing London's Housing Submarkets April 2004
This working paper contains the statistical basis behind the GLA Economics report, London's Housing Submarkets. It divides London’s housing market into five submarkets based on structural, accessibility and household characteristics. It then looks at the benefits of analysing London's housing as a distinct set of submarkets compared to the overall housing market.

Defining and Analysing London's Housing Submarkets PDF
Defining and Analysing London's Housing Submarkets RTF
Working Paper 6: Calculating London's Tax Export March 2004
London contributes between £9–£15 billion more in taxes to central government than it receives in spending. This working paper explains the methodology used by GLA Economics to calculate this difference between public expenditure and taxation in London – known as London's tax export – for The Case for London, the Mayor’s Submission to Spending Review 2004.

Calculating London's Tax Export PDF
Calculating London's Tax Export RTF
Working Paper 5: Submission to the Allsopp Review October 2003
GLA Economics submission to the Government's Allsopp Review of the statistical requirements for monetary and wider economic policymaking.
The submission calls for improved measures of regional output.

Submission to the Allsopp Review PDF
Submission to the Allsopp Review RTF
The GLA’s London Workforce Employment Series September 2003
The GLA maintains its own set of data for measuring the number of jobs in London. Workforce employment data is an important resource that underpins many of the GLA group’s planning decisions. Moreover, other important data about London, such as estimates of its economic output, depend on it. This report is a guide to the GLA’s data. It explains the sources, where they can be found, and why the GLA maintains its own series separate from the ONS.

London Workforce Employment Series PDF
London Workforce Employment Series RTF
Working Paper 4: Long-term employment projections for London September 2003
– alternative methodology and results
Long-term employment projections can be produced using different methods. The projections to 2016 that underpin the Mayor’s draft London Plan are based on long-term trends in output and productivity. This working paper uses a common alternative approach, based on population and employment projections, to derive long-term employment estimates for London through to 2041.

Long-term employment projections PDF
Long-term employment projections RTF
Mayor's Procurement and Fair Employment Seminar September 2003
This report on a seminar held in July 2003, provides details of progress made by the GLA in working towards the application of a fair employment policy in the service contracts which the organisation awards. It also provides a summary opinion from James Goudie QC setting out the legal position for this approach. A theme of the report is that the GLA's experience has a much wider application across the public sector to improve the terms and conditions of some of the lowest paid staff employed in public services.

Mayor's Procurement and Fair Employment Seminar PDF (202Kb)
Mayor's Procurement and Fair Employment Seminar RTF (94Kb)
The GLA’s Medium-term Economic Projections July 2003
The GLA’s second medium-term economic planning projections, which form the basis of the GLA group’s planning decisions. London’s economy has turned the corner, but recovery is expected to take longer than previously anticipated.

GLA's Medium-term Economic Projections PDF (367Kb)
GLA's Medium-term Economic Projections RTF (135Kb)
Celebrating success: London Government Working Together July 2003
This booklet sets out some examples of successful collaborative working between the GLA and Association of London Government - for example respect week, and the Thames Gateway London Partnership - and how the joint activities of the respective branches of London government are working to make London a better place to live and work.

Celebrating success PDF (945Kb)
Celebrating success RTF (56Kb)
Review of Independent Forecasts
June 2003
This is GLA Economics’ second review of independent forecasts prepared for London by major forecasting organisations. It includes average, worst-case and best-case scenarios for employment, GDP and consumer spending in London. The first review of independent forecasts was published as supplement to the pilot issue of London's Economy Today in August 2002.

Independent Forecasts PDF (725Kb)
Independent Forecasts RTF (308Kb)
What is driving business investment in London
Consumer spending has been driving growth in London’s economy over the past two years, while business investment has fallen. Data from the British Chamber of Commerce is used to explore why businesses decide to invest in London. This is the first in GLA Economics' new series of Current Issues Notes on issues affecting London’s economy.

Current Issues Note 1 PDF (113Kb)
Current Issues Note 1 RTF (195Kb)
GLA Economics Annual Report May 2003
GLA Economics presented its first Annual Report on 31 May 2003. The report details progress made in the unit’s first year, along with plans for 2004. It provides a valuable insight into the work of GLA Economics and the economic issues that will influence London’s future growth and success.

GLA Economics Annual Report PDF (778Kb)
GLA Economics Annual Report RTF (228Kb)
Tackling poverty in London April 2003
This consultation paper follows the publication of the London Divided report (November 2002) which brought together a range of data on income poverty in London. In Tackling Poverty in London, the Mayor is consulting London boroughs, central government departments, trade unions and voluntary and community organisations on the options available to local and regional government to address the serious problem of poverty in the capital.

Tackling poverty in London PDF (600kb)
Tackling poverty in London RTF (72kb)
London's Economy Tomorrow April 2003
This report examines London's prospects in the light of the GLA's short-term planning projections, prepared in January 2003 to provide the functional bodies of the GLA with a planning basis - employment, output and household demand - for the delivery of services and business plans over 1-3 years. This report places these projections in the context of current knowledge on the state of London's economy and assesses the associated upside and downside risks. Revised 28/4/03.

London's Economy Tomorrow PDF
London's Economy Tomorrow RTF
Working Paper 1: Labour market balances and employment in the wider South East February 2003
This working paper looks at the employment and population projections in the London Plan and their implications for commuting patterns between London and the regions. The analysis of implications for London and the southeastern and eastern regions uses employment projections prepared on a similar basis to those in the London Plan.

Labour market balances PDF
Labour market balances RTF
Medium-Term Economic Planning Projections January 2003
The medium term planning projections contained in this report are the first of a regular series that will appear at six-monthly intervals. They will form the basis of medium-term planning decisions by GLA functional bodies. The horizon is 3 years, to 2005, at a London level only. Principal projections are for employment, output (Gross Value Added - GVA) and household demand.

Medium-Term Economic Planning Projections PDF
Medium-Term Economic Planning Projections RTF
Working paper 2: The Economic and Social Structure of London and the South East February 2003
This report examines the relationship between London and the surrounding geographic regions of the South East of England, both in terms of employment and demographic structure. The analysis uses a technique known as 'fuzzy clustering'.

The Economic and Social Structure of London and the South East PDF (1.4MB)
The Economic and Social Structure of London and the South East RTF (57kb)
Sensitivity Tests on Forecasts for Employment in London February 2003
The draft London Plan (DLP) was launched on 21 June 2002. Sensitivity tests have been prepared in response to the consultation on the draft London Plan. This report outlines in more detail the different scenarios identified, in order to assess how robust the projections for employment in London are.

Sensitivity Tests on Forecasts for Employment in London - PDF (49kb)
Sensitivity Tests on Forecasts for Employment in London - RTF (118kb)
Play it right: Asian Creative Industries in London February 2003
This report is produced by GLA Economics. At a time when Asian influence in music, film and the performing arts is growing, GLA Economics has commissioned a report on the contribution of Asian Londoners to the creative industries. Asians represent around six per cent of the roughly half a million people employed in these industries in London, but their strength in dynamic sectors such as computer software, fashion and design indicates that their role is set to grow in coming years.

Play it right: Asian Creative Industries in London- PDF (550kb)
Play it right: Asian Creative Industries in London - RTF (169kb)
Spreading Success: How London is Changing January 2003
This report, produced by GLA Economics, looks at the trends in job creation across the different parts of London, identifying the growth sectors and suggesting policy approaches to encouraging and sustaining them. The report will be of interest to boroughs, planners, developers, investors and researchers.

Spreading Success
London Divided: Income inequality and poverty in the capital November 2002
London is the most dynamic, cosmopolitan and diverse of our major cities, and is one of a handful of truly 'world cities'. It is also a city that is characterised by huge inequalities in income, employment, and quality of life. London Divided presents new data which reveals the staggering levels of poverty and income polarisation in London. It shows the spatial distribution of disadvantage in the capital, with most wards in Inner London marked by high levels of deprivation regardless of what indicators are used. And it shows the ethnic dimension of poverty in the capital, with most minority groups experiencing high levels of child poverty and unemployment. The overall aim of the report is to initiate a dialogue which will contribute to the GLA group's developing policy agenda on social inclusion in London.

London Divided
Creativity: London's Core Business October 2002
This report on London's Creative Industries was produced by GLA Economics, the Mayor's new economic data agency. It provides an authoritative and detailed study of this dynamic new sector, which was London's third-largest source of jobs in 2000 and accounts for one in every five of its new jobs since 1995. By the year 2000 it contributed £21 billion annually to the output of the UK - £5,300 for every working Londoner.
Creativity: London's Core Business PDF (2.2mb)
Creativity: London's Core Business RTF
London's Economy Today

London's Economy Today is a monthly bulletin featuring the most up to date information on the state of London's economy. It is published on the third Tuesday of each month, starting in September 2002.
Each issue provides an interpretation of the latest economic developments and how this may affect policy for London. It features a wide range of London and UK economic indicators. It always includes the latest tube usage data, which provides an extremely sensitive measure of economic, and in particular, employment activity in the city.
Visit London September 2002
This report sets out a plan to reinvigorate tourism in London, bringing new leadership to the promotion and marketing of London. Stronger branding is a priority and the report proposes a three-year action plan to promote the Capital as a destination specifically targeting sectors where there is potential for growth, such domestic and business tourism. It proposes that new tourism products are developed, drawing on London's diversity and broadening the appeal of London beyond the established central London attractions. Work will be co-ordinated under a new structure to be implemented by the Mayor that will engage public and private sectors under common objectives. Printed copies of the full report and summary are available free of charge.

Visit London full report PDF
Visit London full report RTF

Visit London summary PDF
Visit London summary RTF
Late-Night London: Planning and Managing the Late-Night Economy
SDS Technical Report 6, June 2002
This report is an introductory study of late night London. It examines number of key issues which the Mayor faces in pursuing his vision "to develop London as an exemplary sustainable World City". The research identified a series of factors that are leading many people to want more activities and services to be available later and later into the evening and night. It is the growth of late-night entertainment which is causing the most problems in London, and having the greatest impact on the public realm and on public services (such as transport and policing). There is however no single, simple solution. A number of issues need to be addressed if London's late-night economy is to achieve its full potential without causing excessive nuisance. These issues affect more than just one part of the city; over half the respondents to the survey of London boroughs carried out for the study said that they were now considered important for their borough.
Late-Night London: Planning and Managing the Late-Night Economy
Investing in London: the case for the capital May 2001
This report sets out the case for investing in the capital. It contains a great deal of material about London's contribution to the UK economy, and London's needs for investment. London is the economic engine of the UK. When the Capital prospers, the whole country prospers. But perhaps surprisingly London has the highest poverty rate in England and some of the worst housing, public health and homelessness in the UK. Londoners are punished by paying over £20 billion more in tax than they receive in public spending.

Investing in London: the case for the capital (2001 publication)

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